Sub-directories or sub-domains shouldn’t matter.
If the existing user isn’t added to the sub-site, then they would need to login. If they have been added to the network, then they get automatic Subscriber role on each site. See:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Multisite_Network_Administration
You’ll find a number of plugins that address this issue. For example, some of those listed here:
http://premium.wpmudev.org/blog/7-plugins-for-easier-wordpress-multisite-user-management/
The profile redirect may need to be amended appropriately, but if they have a role on each site, it shouldn’t interfere with that.